Role of optimal Formulated Feeds for efficient Shrimp Larval Development with reference to L.Vannamei

 The Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei is originated from the Western Pacific coast of Latin America stretching from the south of Peru to the north of Mexico. This species was introduced commercially into China and Taiwan in 1996 and other coastal Asian countries started to culture this species in early 2000. Since then, L. vannamei became one of the important penaeid species farmed worldwide. Shrimp larvae quickly go through major changes in body structure requiring a series of different feeds and environmental conditions to meet their needs.

Types of Larval feeds 

Algae and Artemia

Live algae and Artemia nauplii pose high with respect to introduction and thereafter   and spread of pathogens.

Formulated Feeds

Larval feeds should originate from trustworthy suppliers that certify absence of pathogens in the product and raw materials. Successful production of robust post larvae for stocking in grow-out ponds largely depends on feed quality and the feeding schedule that is applied in the hatchery. The metamorphosis of L. vannamei through larval stages into post larvae is a complex process (see Figure 1, life cycle), which in the wild is characterized by migration to inshore, brackish estuaries. This shift from pelagic to bottom-dwelling benthic behavior is accompanied by a change in feeding habit from an herbivorous to an omnivorous diet. Growth and development of the digestive system affects digestive capability, mainly due to qualitative and quantitative fluctuations in digestive enzyme production. Larval stages, therefore, differ in nutritional requirements. Feed formulation and feed processing are tailored to the specific needs of each stage

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